Basic Ubuntu commands and Terminal shortcuts for beginner

Ubuntu is one of the most customizable Linux distribution available today.
Almost every Linux newbies start with Ubuntu when they enter to Linux world. This post is for beginners.

Here I am going to list some important basic Ubuntu commands every beginner must know.
I think Ubuntu's incredible flexibility is due mainly to its powerful shell, which is at the core of all Linux variants.Through the user-friendly 'Terminal' interface, you can easily interact with this shell using a wide variety of commands. Ubuntu uses BASH as its default shell and there are a lot of bash commands that confuses every Ubuntu beginners.

You don't have to learn all these bash commands, if you want to familiar with Ubuntu Terminal in your early Linux days. Else you only have to understand basic Ubuntu commands which help you to do some basic operations.

Basic Ubuntu Commands for Beginner

1.sudo

sudo (SuperUser DO) Linux command allows you to run programs or other commands with administrative privilege like "Run as administrator" in Windows. This is useful when, for example, you need to modify files in a directory that your user wouldn't normally have access to.

2.cd

cd (change director'') Linux command also known as chdir used to change the current working directory. You can use full paths to folders or simply the name of a folder within the directory you are currently working. Some common uses are:

• cd/- Takes you to the root directory
• cd..- Takes you up one directory level.
• cd-- Takes you to the previous directory.

3.pwd 

pwd (print working directory) Ubuntu command displays the full pathname of the current working directory.

4.ls

ls (list) command lists all files and folders in your current working directory. You can also specify paths to other directories if you want to view their contents.

5.cp

cp (copy) Linux command allows you to copy a file. You should specify both the file you want to copied and the location you want it copied to - for example, cp sns/home/myfiles would copy the file "sns" to the directory"/home/myfiles'.

6.mv

mv (move) command allows you to move files. You can also rename files by moving

them to the directory they are currently in, but under a new name. The usage is the same as cp- for example mv sns/home/myfiles would move the file "sns" to the directory"/home/myfiles".

7.mkdir

mkdir (make directory) command allow you to create a new directory. You can specify where you want the directory created- if you do not do so, it will be created in your current working directory.

8.rm

rm (remove) command removes the specified file.

• rmdir ("remove directory") - Removes an empty directory.
• rm-r ("remove recursively") - Removes a directory along with its content.

9.history

history command displays all of your previous commands up to the history limit.

10.df

df (display filesystem) command displays information about the disk space usage of all mounted filesystems.

11.du

du (directory usage) command displays the size of a directory and all of its subdirectories.

12.free

free - Displays the amount of free space available on the system.

13.uname-a

uname-a - Provides a wide range of basic information about the system.

14.top

top- Displays the process using the most system resources at any given time.

• The Up and Down arrow can be used to scroll through your command history, allowing you to quickly execute the same command multiple times.
• The Tab key can be used to complete the command you are typing. If more than one command is possible, you can press it multiple times to scroll through the possible completions.
• Ctrl+r allows you to search your history for commands matching what you have typed.

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